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日粮胆汁酸对草鱼生长性能、体组成、脂质代谢及微生物区系的影响

2019-08-12 17:09:00 

To investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BA) on growth and metabolism of lipid in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, C. idella) at high dietary lipid level,a basal diet (50 g/kg lipid, 5L group) was supplemented with 20 g/kg soybean oil (70 g/kg lipid, 7L group); then, 0.06 g/kg BA was added in 7L diet to form the third diet (7L+BA group).The 96C. idella(69.86 ± 6.24 g) were divided into three groups (duplicate per group) and fed three diets, respectively, for 8 weeks, and then, growth and lipid metabolism were determined. Results showed that growth of fish in 7L+BA group was significantly higher than 5L and 7L groups. The lipid level in whole body, hepatopancreas and muscle of grass carp in 7L+BA group were significantly lower than 7L group. Relative expression of lipid catabolism genes in hepatopancreas and muscle of 7L+BA group was significantly higher than 5L group. The amount of microbiota in intestine of fish in 7L+BA group was significantly higher than the other two groups. The present results indicated that BA in 7L diet improved growth of fish by increasing protein synthesizing, decreasing lipid content in fish body and by regulating amount of microbiota in intestine of fish.

Keywords:adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid synthase, growth performance, intestinal microbiota, lipid accumulation, protein deposition

日粮胆汁酸对草鱼生长性能、体组成、脂质代谢及微生物区系的影响

为研究高脂日粮中胆汁酸对草鱼生长和脂质代谢的影响,基础日粮(50g/kg油脂, EE=5%,5L组)中添加20 g/kg豆油(70 g/kg油脂, EE=7%,7L组),将0.06 g/kg胆汁酸添加到7%日粮中,即第三组(7L+BA组)。将96条草鱼(69.86±6.24g)分为三组(每组两个重复),分别饲喂三种日粮,为期8周,测定生长性能和脂质代谢情况。结果表明,7L+BA组的生长性能显著高于5L组和7L组。7L+BA组草鱼全体、肝胰腺和肌肉中的脂肪含量显著低于7L组。7L+BA组肝胰腺和肌肉脂质分解代谢基因的相对表达显著高于5L组。7L+BA组肠道微生物数量显著高于另外两组。本研究结果表明,7L日粮中添加BA通过增加蛋白质合成、降低鱼体脂肪含量和调节肠道微生物数量等方面促进鱼的生长。

关键词:脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶,脂肪酸合成酶,生长性能,肠道菌群,脂肪积累,蛋白质沉积

全文要点:

1、胆汁酸显著提高了草鱼的体重、特定生长率、蛋白利用率等。原因为:胆汁酸通过提高高脂日粮中草鱼脂肪酶活性、提高油脂转运和吸收,从而提高其生长表征;

2、胆汁酸显著降低草鱼腹腔脂肪指数和胆囊体指数,从而起到保护肝胆健康的作用;

3、胆汁酸能够显著提高草鱼全体蛋白含量,同时显著降低高脂日粮中草鱼肝胰腺的脂肪含量;

4、鲸杆菌属和拟杆菌属能够产生短链脂肪酸、乙酸酯、丙酸酯和丁酸酯,增加脂肪分解,降低脂肪合成,从而防止肥胖;厚壁菌门能够增加肠上皮内脂滴的数量。胆汁酸可通过增加鲸杆菌属和拟杆菌属数量以及减少厚壁菌门的数量,从而减少高脂日粮中草鱼肝脏及肝胰腺的脂肪沉积,达到保肝护胆的目的。

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